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Atrial septal defect Atrial Septal Defect Atrial septal defects (ASDs) are benign acyanotic congenital heart defects characterized by an opening in the interatrial septum that causes blood to flow from the left atrium (LA) to the right atrium (RA) (left-to-right shunt).

Congenital Congenital Chorioretinitis heart defects:.

Post-cardiac surgery (such as bypass surgery) or ablation.

Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy Cardiomyopathy refers to a group of myocardial diseases associated with structural changes of the heart muscles (myocardium) and impaired systolic and/or diastolic function in the absence of other heart disorders (coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular disease, and congenital heart disease).

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as myocardial infarction. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (ventricular dysfunction), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity.

Heart failure Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body.

Clinical presentation is most commonly with chest pain, but women and patients with diabetes may have atypical symptoms.

Stable and Unstable Angina and myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction MI is ischemia and death of an area of myocardial tissue due to insufficient blood flow and oxygenation, usually from thrombus formation on a ruptured atherosclerotic plaque in the epicardial arteries. Coronary artery disease Coronary artery disease Pathological processes of coronary arteries that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.2.5 times more prevalent in men than in women.It is caused by rapid, uncontrolled atrial contractions and uncoordinated ventricular responses. Less common than atrial fibrillation Atrial fibrillation Atrial fibrillation (AF or Afib) is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia and the most common kind of arrhythmia.Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR) ) Measures of Disease Frequency with left atrial enlargement, or with left ventricular or biventricular heart failure Heart Failure A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. It is differentiated from prevalence, which refers to all cases in the population at a given time.

It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. Clinician–Patient Relationship without underlying structural heart disease (higher incidence Incidence The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population.

Uncommon in patients Patients Individuals participating in the health care system for the purpose of receiving therapeutic, diagnostic, or preventive procedures.

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